Stop Motion Practitioners
16th January 2015
By Kirsty Richardson
- Willis O Brien - Did King Kong
- Ray Harryhousen - Inspired by Willis O Brien, Dynamation/Gomation, Jason and The Argonauts - Star Wars
- Jon Svankviager - Clay (things eat each other)
- Phil Tippet - Robocop --> combined Stop Motion and CGI
- Tim Burton - Vincent
- Aardman - Nick Park
Techniques
- Frame Rates - 24fps Motion picture film
- 25fps - Digital and TV
- 15fps - Recommended frames for our own Stop Motion films
- 1 minute - 1500 pics
- CGI - Computer
- Stop Motion - Photography
- Animation is the overall term for CGI and Stop Motion.
Persistance Of Vison
- Eye and brain hold onto a series of images that form a single complete picture.
- Theory - After the image, 1/20 of a second persists onto the retina and this explains motion perception.
Luc Retus
Peter Mark Roget
Stop Frame (Another word for Stop Motion)
Physically manipulated object appears to move (another word for stop motion). Moves in small increments.
Practitioners
Thomas Edison
- Thomas Edison was a profilic inventor
Kineotoscope - Early motion picture exhibition device (a projector)
Was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole window at the top of the device
It was not a movie projector, but introduced a basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection. Film is placed over a light source with a high shutter speed to create the illusion of movement.
1888 - Thomas Edison came up with description
1889 - 92 Developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson - at the Edison lab. He also helped to devise the Kinetograph
Used a stop and go motion of film
Joseph Pateau (Phenakitoscope)
1st Stop Motion 1801 - 1803
Disks, repeat images, black gap (spin)
Persistance of vison theory
Screening, one viewer at a time
William Horner (Zoetrope)
Cyhrider - images on either side, spin images blend together
Emil Reynaud (Prakinoscope)
Projected animated cartoons
Animation device, strip of pictures, cylinder
Edward Muybridge1874 - Murdered wife's lover - showed how horses ran
He was into photography and studied at the University of Penslyvenia. Was interested in the movement of animals and is classed as the 'father of motion picture'. Thomas Edison was inspired by him.
The Lumiere Brothers
1895, cinematographic - research more
George Pal1931 - 32 Berlin - UPA Studio
Animation - Stop motion photography (e.g. singing cigarettes)
Contemporary Work
- The Brothers Quay
- Tim Burton
- Aardman Animations
Tim Burton
- Film director, writer, animator, producer, artist
- Dark, gothic, quirky horror films e.g. Beatlejuice, The Nightmare Before Xmas, Sweeney Todd, Alice and Wonderland and Edward Scissorhands
- Commonly has Johnny Depp and Helena Bohen Carter in his films
- Stopmotion, CGI, Normal films
- Corpse's Bride was Stop Motion
- Had a Warner Brothers apprenticeship and that's how he made Vincent and Coraline
- Most of his films were clay models
- The Brothers Quay were brothers called Timothy and Stephen
- Wladyslaw Starewicz teamed up with the trio in the 1980's - Konicmck Studio in London
- They made an ident for the BBC but it was never broadcasted
- They made short films such as Punch and Judy, Sesame St and Raindance
- They used mostly puppets and didn't have much narrative to them
- They had credits in the Peter Gabriel Sledgehammer video
Aarman Animations
- They are a british animation studio based in Bristol
- They are iconic in the UK for creating Chicken Run, Wallace and Gromit
- The first thing they created was a sequence for the BBC (Deaf Children)
- They use a special type of clay to create the famous facial expressions on the models
- Nick Park was the creator of Wallace and Gromit and was also the creator of Creature Comforts. They won their first oscar.
- They did the dancing chickens sequence in the Sledgehammer sequence
- 'Flush Away' - first CGI
- Ident for BBC Creature Comforts Campaign
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